What are the syntax in java programming and in C programming?

ASCII::= See http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/c...


Used_in The definition of C++ [ c++.syntax.html ]





Used_in The definition of Java [ java.syntax.html ]





Notation


This uses my XBNF Extended BNF Notation where "|" indicates "or", "(...)" indicates priority. For more information see [ intro_ebnf.html ]


The following abbreviations are also used:








--------------------------------------...





O(_)::= 0 or 1 occurrences,


N(_)::= 1 or more occurrence


L(_)::= a comma separated list


#(_)::= 0 or more occurrences.





S(E,Op)::=serial_operator_expression(E... Op)


serial_operator_expression(E,Op)::= E #(Op E).


S(E,Op) = E Op E Op E Op ... E





--------------------------------------...





It also uses the following shorthand








Lexemes


identifier::=nondigit #(nondigit | digit),





nondigit::="_" | "a" | "A" | "b" | "B" | "c" | "C" | "d" | "D" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "h" | "H" | "i" | "I" | "j" | "J" | "k" | "K" | "l" | "L" | "m" | "M" | "n" | "N" | "o" | "O" | "p" | "P" | "q" | "Q" | "r" | "R" | "s" | "S" | "t" | "T" | "u" | "U" | "v" | "V" | "w" | "W" | "x" | "X" | "y" | "Y" | "z" | "Z",





digit::="0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9",





punctuator::="[" | "]" | "(" | ")" | "{" | "}" | "*" | "," | ":" | "=" | ";" | "..." | "#",





operator::="[" | "]" | "(" | ")" | "." | "-%26gt;" | "++" | "--" | "%26amp;" | "*" | "+" | "-" | "~" | "!" | "sizeof" | "/" | "%" | "%26lt;%26lt;" | "%26gt;%26gt;" | "%26lt;" | "%26gt;" | "%26lt;=" | "%26gt;=" | "==" | "!=" | "^" | "|" | "%26amp;%26amp;" | "||" | "?" | ":" | "=" | "*=" | "/=" | "%=" | "+=" | "-=" | "%26lt;%26lt;=" | "%26gt;%26gt;=" | "%26amp;=" | "^=" | "||=" | "," | "#" | "##",





infix::= "-%26gt;" | "%26amp;" | "*" | "+" | "-" | "/" | "%" | "%26lt;%26lt;" | "%26gt;%26gt;" | "%26lt;" | "%26gt;" | "%26lt;=" | "%26gt;=" | "==" | "!=" | "^" | "|" | "%26amp;%26amp;" | "||" | "=" | "*=" | "/=" | "%=" | "+=" | "-=" | "%26lt;%26lt;=" | "%26gt;%26gt;=" | "%26amp;=" | "^=" | "||=" | "," ,





prefix::= "++" | "--" | "%26amp;" | "*" | "+" | "-" | "~" | "!" | "sizeof" ,








postfix::= "++" | "--",





integer_suffix::=#(unsigned_suffix) | #(long_suffix),





unsigned_suffix::="u" | "U",





long_suffix::="l" | "L",





sign::="+" | "-",





octal_constant::="0" #(octal_digit),





octal_digit::="0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7",





hex_constant::=("0x" | "0X") (hex_digit),





hex_digit::="0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" | "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F",





decimal_constant::=non_zero_digit #(digit),





non_zero_digit::="1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9",





integer_constant::=(decimal_constant | octal_constant | hex_constant) | integer_suffix,





float_suffix::="f" | "l" | "F" | "L",





fraction::=#digit "." digit #digit,





exponent_part::=("e" | "E") sign #(digit),





float_constant::=fraction (exponent_part|) (float_suffix|)|(decimal_constant (exponent_part|) float_suffix,





enumeration_constant::=identifier,





char_constant::=char~(double_quote|eol... escape_sequence,





escape_sequence::=backslash (char | "0" #octal_digit |"0x"#hexadecimal_digit),





character_constant::="'" char_constant"'" ,


constant :=::=float_constant | integer_constant | enumeration_constant | character_constant,








string__char::=char~(double_quote|eoln... escape_sequence,





string_literal::=double_quote #(string_char) double_quote,





. . . . . . . . . ( end of section Lexemes) %26lt;%26lt;Contents | End%26gt;%26gt;





Expressions


Expressions are made up by applying operators to primary_expressions.





primary_expression::= variable | constant | string_literal | "(" expression ")",





variable::= identifier %26amp; declared and in scope of declaration.


argument_list::=List(assignment_expres...





Operators


Symbol See


"("... ")" primary_expression cast_expression function_call


"." part of a structure


"-" additive_expression unary_expression


"-%26gt;" part of a pointed at structure


"--" unary_expression postfix_expression


"-=" assignment_expression


"%26amp;" AND_expression address_of unary_expression


"%26amp;=" assignment_expression


"%26amp;%26amp;" logical_AND_expression


"*" multiplicative_expression contents of pointer unary_expression


"*=" assignment_expression


"+" additive_expression unary_expression


"++" unary_expression postfix_expression


"+=" assignment_expression


"~" bitwise negation prefix


"!" logical negation prefix


"!=" equality_expression


"sizeof" unary_expression


"/" multiplicative_expression divide


"/=" assignment_expression


"%" multiplicative_expression mod


"%=" assignment_expression


"%26lt;" relational_expression


"%26lt;%26lt;" shift_expression left


"%26lt;%26lt;=" assignment_expression


"%26lt;=" relational_expression


"%26gt;" relational_expression


"%26gt;%26gt;" shift_expression right


"%26gt;=" relational_expression


"%26gt;%26gt;=" assignment_expression


"==" equality_expression


"=" assignment_expression


"^" XOR_expression


"^=" assignment_expression


"|" OR_expression


"||" logical_OR_expression


"||=" assignment_expression


..."?"... ":"... conditional_expression


"," expression (discard previous value)











Arithmetic


post_fix::="++" | "--",





post_fix_expression::=(primary_express... #(post_fix),





unary_operator::="%26amp;" | "*" | "+" | "-" | "!" | "-",





pre_fix::="++" | "--" | "sizeof",





unary_expression::=#(pre-fix) post_fix_expression | unary_operator cast_expression | "sizeof" "(" type_name")",





cast_expression::=#(type_name) unary_expression. This implies that casts are done after doing post-fix operations..





multiplicative_expression::=S(cast_exp... multiplicative_operator). [ serial_operator_expression ]


The rule above means that 'casts' are done before multiplication and division, and that multiplication and division are done from left to right.








multiplicative_operator::="*" | "%" | "/",





additive_expression::=S(multiplicative... additive_operator). This means that addition and subtraction occurs after multiplication and from left to right.





additive_operator::="+" | "-",





Shifts


shift_expression::=S(additive_expressi... shift_operator),





shift_operator::="%26gt;%26gt;" | "%26lt;%26lt;", "%26lt;%26lt;" is left shift of bits (multiply by 2), and "%26gt;%26gt;" is the reverse and divides by 2.





Relations


relational_expression::= S(shift_expression, relational_operator),





relational_operator::="%26lt;" | "%26gt;" | "%26lt;=" | "%26gt;=",





equality_expression::=S(relational_exp... equality_operator),





equality_operator::="==" | "!=",





Bitwise Expressions


AND_expression::=S(equality_expression... and_operator),





and_operator::="%26amp;", This operator takes each bit in the value of its arguments in turn to calculate the bit in the answer. A bit is 1 if and only if both arguments have bits in that palce that are 1.





XOR_expression::=S(AND_expression, XOR_operator),





XOR_operator::="^", XOR is short for eXclusive-OR. The n'th bit in the value is 1 precisly when the n'th bits in the two arguments are different.





OR_expression::=S(XOR_expression, OR_operator),





OR_operator::="|", This operator takes each bit in the value of its arguments in turn to calculate the bit in the answer. The n'th bit is 1 if either n'th bits is 1.





Logical Expressions


In C, logical false is reresented by any zero value and true by any nonzero value.





logical_AND_expression::=S(OR_expressi... logical_AND_operator),





logical_AND_operator::="%26amp;%26amp;", A%26amp;%26amp;B is true precisely when both A and B evaluate to be true.





logical_OR_expression::=S(logical_AND_... logical_OR_operator),





logical_OR_operator::="||", A||B is true if A evaluates to be true, or when A is false and B evaluates to be true. If both evaluate to false (zero) then A||B is false.





Conditional Expressions


conditional_expression::=logical_OR_ex... | logical_OR_expression "?" expression ":" conditional_expression,





Assignment Statements


assignment_expression::=S(unary_expres... assignment_operator),





assignment_operator::="=" | "*=" | "/=" | "%=" | "+=" | "%26lt;%26lt;=" | "%26gt;%26gt;=" | "%26amp;=" | "^=" | "|=",





expression::=List(assignment_expressio... ),





constant_expression::=conditional_expr...





. . . . . . . . . ( end of section Expressions) %26lt;%26lt;Contents | End%26gt;%26gt;





Declarations


declaration::=declaration_specifier | declarator_list,





declarator_list::=List(declarator_init...





declaration_specifier::=(storage_class | type_specifier | type_qualifier),





storage_class::="typedef" | "extern" | "static" | "auto" | "register",





Types


type_specifier::="void" | "char" | "short" | "int" | "long" | "float" | "double" | "signed" | "unsigned" | struct_union_specifier | enumeration_specifier | typedef_name,





type-qualifier::="const" | "volatile",





typedef_name::=identifier,


Initialization


initializer::=assignment_expression | initializer_list,





initializer_list::=List(initializer),





declarator_initialized::=declarator ("=" initializer),


Structs and Unions


structure_declarator::=declarator | declarator ":" constant_expression,





structure_declarator_list::=List(struc...





structure_declaration::=(type_specifie... | type_qualifier) structure_declarator_list ";" ,





struct_union_specifier::=struct_union identifier | struct_union identifier "{"structure_declarator_list "}",





struct_union::=( "struct" | "union" ),





Enums


enumeration_value::=enumeration_consta... ("=" constant_expression|)





enumeration_list::=List(enumeration_va... ),





enumeration_specifier::=enumeration_id... | "enum" identifier "{"enumeration_list"}",





Functions


function_definition::=declaration_spec... declarator | declaration_list | compound_statement,


parameter_declaration::=#declaration_s... declarator | abstract_declarator,





parameter_list::=List(parameter_declar... (",..."|),





Pointers


pointer::=#( "*" | #type_qualifier),





declarator::=pointer | direct_declarator,





Functions and Arrays


post_declarator::="["constant_expressi... | "("parameter_list")" | "("identifier_list")"





direct_declarator::=identifier | "("declarator")" | direct_declarator post_declarator,





abstract_declarator::=pointer | pointer direct_abstract_declarator,





direct_abstract_declarator::= "(" abstract_declarator ")" | O( direct_abstract_declarator) O("[" O(constant_expression) "]" | "(" O(parameter_list) ")" ),


. . . . . . . . . ( end of section Declarations) %26lt;%26lt;Contents | End%26gt;%26gt;





Statements


statement::=labeled_statement | compound_statement | expression_statement | selection_statement | iteration_statement | jump_statement


Branch


jump_statement::="goto" identifier";" | "continue" ";" | "break;" | "return" expression ";",


Structured


loop::=iteration_statement.


iteration_statement::="while" "("expression")" statement | "do" statement "while" "("expression")" ";" | for_statement.





for_statement::="for" "("expression ";" expression ";" expression")" statement,





selection_statement::=if_statement | "switch" "("expression")" statement,


if_statement::="if ("expression")" statement | "if" "("expression")" statement "else" statement.





expression_statement::= expression ";",





labeled_statement::=identifier ":" statement | "case" constant_expression ":" statement | "default" ":" statement,


Compound


compound_statement::=block | "{" #statement "}",





block::="{" declaration #declaration #statement "}",








. . . . . . . . . ( end of section Statements) %26lt;%26lt;Contents | End%26gt;%26gt;





Pre-Processor Commands





preprocess_token::=identifier | constant | string_literal | operator | punctuator | each Non-white space not one of the previous,





header_char::=any character except new_line | and | %26gt;,





header_name::=#(header_char),





new_line::=new_line character,





Left_paren::=left parenthesis with no white space before it,





control_line::="#include" (#(preprocess_token | header_name) new_line | "#define" identifier #(preprocess_token) new_line | "#define" identifier left_paren identifier_list #(preprocess_token) new_line, | "#undef" identifier new_line | "#line" preprocess_token new_line | "#error" preprocess_token new_line | "#pragma" preprocess_token new_line | "#"new_line,





endif_line::="#endif" new_line,





elif_group::="#elif" constant_expression new_line pp_group,





else_group::="#else" new_line pp_group,





if_group::=("#if" constant_expression | "#ifdef" identifier | "#ifndef" identifier) new_line pp_group,





if_part::=if_group #(elif_group) else_group endif_line,





pp_part::=#preprocess_token new_line | if_part | control_line,





pp_group::=#(pp_part),

What are the syntax in java programming and in C programming?
you can use the following link to learn c syntax


http://www.geocities.com/learnprogrammin...


use the following link for java programming


http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/...


don't waste the time,


all the best.